| The KLUZNICKIAN CALENDAR (13 Months) |
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| Proposed holidays are typed in blue. To convert dates from the Gregorian calendar to the Kluznickian calendar, click HERE. To download an Excel program to do this and to get the Gregorian DOW, click HERE-2. |
- Features:
- Simplicity, order, and regularity.
- A geocentric civil calendar, not a religious or business calendar.
- Contains no religious impositions. (No one has the right to impose their religious
beliefs, customs, or habits on anyone else. See p.s. #5.) - Contains no business impositions. (See p.s. #1)
- Contains no other special interest group impositions.
- It is a perpetual calendar, identically the same every year except leap years.
- 13 months per year; 4 weeks per month; 7 days per week except the last week of
December which normally has 8 days but will have 9 days on leap years. - Monday is the first day of each week, month, and year.
- Leapday is the last day of the year which leaves the preceding 365 days unaffected
and invariant from year to year. - Each date on the calendar will always reoccur on the same day of the week.
- Since Monday is the 1st day of the week, both weekend days will be at the end of
the week, side by side, both on the same row, as shown in the following monthly
calendar. - Nicksday and Leapday are a part of an extended weekend and not a part of the work
week. - The winter solstice shall always occur within +/- 1.3 days of 1 January. Leap
days shall be added or omitted accordingly. - An improved leap year rule, based on the mean solar year, is to be occasionally
updated, when needed. - The winter and summer solstice and the spring and fall equinox are proposed to be
national holidays along with Presidents, Memorial, and Independence days, in the USA.
(See p.s. #3)
| Monthly Calendar Month: Any Year: Any |
| Calendar Reform - The Kluznickian Calendar Yearly Calendar, Features, Monthly Calendar, Discussion, Links |
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2005 June 1
Revised 2008-4-21
- The Kluznickian Calendar
(A 13 Month Calendar)
by Nick Kluznick
I bought an introduction to astronomy book and in the chapter three homework assignment it said
to design your own calendar. So I did, as follows.
The mean solar year consists of 365.24219 mean solar days and the lunar phase-month is
29.5306 days. It would be nice to have the months equal one lunar phase cycle, i.e. have the new
moon occur on the first day of the month each month, but its 29.5306 day phase period is just not
compatible with 365.24219 days in a solar year. (365.24219 days per year / 29.5306 days per
month = 12.368 months per year. ) If we keep 12 months per year, the days per month vary from
month to month as you know, and yet the date of the new moon still wanders through our calendar
and is different month to month and year to year. So, since the solar year with its solar seasons is
far more important than the lunar month, forget the moon, let it wander.
But we can achieve a degree of regularity if we have 13 months a year, then all months will have
28 days except December, which will normally have 29 days but will also have a 30th day on leap
years. Notice that this is 4 seven-day weeks in each month except for the end of December. Isn't
that tidy! And we can keep 7 day weeks. What else can we tidy up?
Obviously the winter solstice (the longest night of the year) must be the start of the new year.
Nothing else makes sense. (Perihelion, currently on 2 January, doesn't do anything for me since,
unlike the solstice, its occurrence is neither obvious nor as significant. (Axis tilt trumps orbital
eccentricity.)) So, let us realign the calendar to the 4 cardinal points of the solar year by moving
the winter solstice 11 days, from December 21 to January 1. This causes the summer solstice (the
longest daylight of the year) to fall in the middle of the 7th month, which we could call Aten (i.e.: …
June, Aten, July …), or the 15th of Aten (Egyptian sun god). The spring (vernal) equinox (daylight
hours = nighttime hours) will fall on the 8th of April and the fall (autumnal) equinox will fall on or
about the 22nd of September. (See p.s. #3 for a further discussion.)
Let us also declare that the 1st of January shall always be a Monday. This means that the first of
every month will always be a Monday and the last of every month will be a Sunday except in
December, which normally has 29 days. This 29th day of December I not so humbly call Nicksday
(i.e. … Saturday, Sunday, Nicksday, Monday…). Note that Nicksday and Leapday (explained
later) are extended weekend days and not a part of the workweek. Also note that Leapday is at
the very end of the year which leaves the preceding 365 days unaffected and invariant from year to
year. These arrangements results in each date on the calendar having the same day of the week
every year.
Let us also declare that the first day of the week is Monday, and have both weekend days appear
side by side at the end of the week. Otherwise we cannot call them the weekend days. (Any
calendar reform proposal that does not include this feature is unacceptable.)
Tidy, tidy, tidy. An unprecedented degree of simplicity, order and regularity. I think it is time for
calendar reform. But can't you just hear the Troglodytes starting to wail? (Troglodytes are
primitive cavemen who are narrow minded, superstitious, and super conservative; akin to Luddites,
who are opposed to new technology.)
Now let us address the leap-year days. The question is: What do we have to do to keep the winter
solstice falling on or about 1 January? There are presently 365.24219 mean solar days per mean
solar year (MSY) (or mean tropical year if you prefer) so, since our calendar has only 365 days per
year, in 4 years there will be an error of 4 X 0.24219 = 0.96876 days too few. So every 4 years we
add a leap day on December 30 and call it Leapday. (The following day will be Monday, January
1st.) However, notice that one whole day is too much as we only needed to add 0.96876 days, so
there is an error of 1 – 0.96876 = 0.03124 error days every 4 years or 0.00781 error days per
year. The reciprocal of this is 128.041 years per error day. In other words it will take 128.041
years for this error to be one day. So, every 128 years we will have a "minus leap year" and need
to omit the closest Leapday, to bring the calendar back into alignment with the winter solstice.
Now, 0.00781 error-days/year X 128 years = 0.99968 days of error to be corrected. If we subtract
1 day it will be too much by 1 – 0.99968 = 0.00032 days, so somewhere down the line we will have
to add back a day to compensate for that. 0.00032 error-days/128 years = 0.00000250 error-
days/year and the reciprocal of that is 400,000 years/error-day. In other words, every 400
thousand years we will have to add a Leapday to December to regain alignment, and then it will be
just about perfect again, except for two things: a) there will be a -42.6 minute change in the MSY
during that 400,000 year period, and b) the leap year rule (LYR) will have been changed several
times by then. So forget the 400,000 year leap day.
- {The Gregorian LYR is: "All years that are multiples of 4 will be leap years except century
years (the 20th century-year was 2000). Century years will be non leap years except those
that are multiples of 400." The comparable Kluznickian LYR is: "All years that are multiples of
4 will be leap years except those that are also multiples of 128." Note that this rule is simple,
its derivation is easy to understand, and it is easy to update as will be shown below. The two
rules are not identical. In 4000 years the Gregorian calendar will have 4000/4 – 4000/100 +
4000/400 = 970 leap years. Whereas the Kluznickian calendar will have 4000/4 – 4000/128 =
968.75 leap years in 4000 years. Therefore, the Gregorian calendar will have 1.25 days too
many per 4000 years compared to the Kluznickian calendar. NK 2008-2-17}
{All LYRs must be updated periodically or else eventually the winter solstice will occur when
the calendar says it is summer time. Why? Primarily because the moon causes tides, which
cause drag, which slows the spin rate of the earth, which lengthens the day, which decreases
the number of days per year. As the number of days per MSY decreases, the Kluznickian
LYR can be easily updated by changing the secondary correction period of 128 years, in
increments of 4 years, thereby retaining the LYR format. (Or it could be changed in
increments of 1 or multiples of 1 or 4, if desired.) For example, the decreasing length of the
MSY requires that the frequency of occurrence of the negative leap years be increased from
time to time. The first possible 4 year correction would be to change 128 years to 124 years.
(This corresponds to a -21.76 second change in the MSY, in about 2,000 years from now.)
The new LYR would then be: "All years that are multiples of 4 will be leap years except those
that are also multiples of 124."
- The length of the MSY is currently decreasing at the rate of roughly 1 minute per 6,000
years, or 1 second per 100 years, as can be derived from the charts provided by Irv
Bromberg on his web page at www.sym454.org/seasons/ .
- When looking at the Bromberg charts, note that:
- The MSY = MTY (mean tropical year) = the average of the lengths of the
North Solstice year, the South Solstice year, the Northward Equinoctial year,
and the Southward Equinoctial year. - The solstice and equinox year lengths oscillate about the track of the MSY
length. - The track of the MSY length oscillates about the track of the Mean Orbital
Year (MOY) length. - The amplitudes of the oscillations of both the seasonal year lengths and the
MSY length are modulated by longer period components due to phenomena
such as the variations of the earths orbital parameters. - The MOY length presently decreases at a constant rate of about 1 minute per
9,346 years. - The MSY length decreases at a variable rate that is presently about 1 minute
per 6,000 years.
- The present rough rate of -1 minute per 6,000 years will become less and less negative
(ie, the time between LYR changes will become longer and longer) as time goes on until
about 30,000 years from now, and then it will start to become more negative again. By
the way, we will start using 5 years (instead of 4) for the LYR primary correction period in
about 200,000 AD. Also, the length of the year will eventually become 364 days, in
about 13.5 million years (based on the current rate of change of the MOY). Won't that
be convenient.
- {By continually updating the LYR (say every 1 to 10 thousand years or so) as shown above,
the calendar can be made to track the MSY as it slowly changes. This can be done in such a
way that all of the solstices and equinoxes will always occur less than +/- 1.3 days from their
celebration dates. I recommend that our future cousins do just that. When the calendar is on
track with the MSY, the deviations of each pair of solstice and equinox occurrence dates, from
the calendar as-celebrated dates, will be of equal magnitude and thus minimal, and the
deviations will generally be less than +/- 1 day. NK 2008-4-18}
_____
p.s. #1, 2005 June 22:
Since writing the above, I found a web site dedicated to calendar reform:
In it, it says that a French philosopher named Auguste Comte beat me to the idea of a 13 month
calendar by about 150 years. Well rats! There goes the Nobel Prize for Calendars. But I still like
mine better. His is a religious calendar, Positivist's Religion of Humanity, that is all cluttered up
with saint's names, while mine is a simple more familiar geocentric civil calendar. (He also has a
philosophers version of the calendar that is all cluttered up with the names of philosophers and
other prominent people.) He does not have the winter solstice on Monday January 1. And of
course he doesn't have Nicksday.
Also mentioned is the 12 month "World Calendar" and the work leading up to it. Its good reading.
Check it out. It looks like it is the leading contender, instead of a 13 month calendar, because the
accountants of the world wanted a calendar with the number of months divisible by 4 to make life
easy for them to know when business quarters start and end. Can you imagine that? They shot
down a far superior 13 month calendar in order to make life a little bit easier for the accountants.
How utterly ridiculous... It's not sufficient that there are the same number of weeks (13) per quarter
in both calendars, and it's not sufficient to tell them the start date and end date of each quarter
(actually, in my calendar, the start of each quarter occurs on a Monday on the day of a solstice or
equinox and lasts for 3 months and 1 week), no, they want it to be in whole months. I guess the
poor babies can't read calendars by days or weeks, just months. So the tail wags the dog. This
calendar also does not start the year on the winter solstice nor does it start each year, month and
week on a Monday. It is not as orderly as mine but I could live with it if they started the week on
Monday. Mine is still better.
- {Each business is free to choose any quarter start-dates it likes. And they don't all have to be
the same. And they do not have to burden the rest world with their choices. Moreover, the
year has 365 or 366 days so if you divide by 4 you do not get a whole number, you get 91.25
or 91.5 days. So, no matter what calendar you use you can not divided it into "perfect"
quarters. But it doesn't matter. Why not normalize the statistics of each quarter on a per-day
basis. For example, instead of citing the profit for the 3rd quarter, why not cite the average
profit per day during the third quarter? That way it doesn't matter if the number of days per
quarter are not exactly the same, the statistics are still comparable. NK 2007-4-16.}
p.s. #2, 2005-9-15 - DELETED
p.s. #3, 2006 March 21:
solstices and equinoxes, will not occur on the same date each year. Holy smokes! Who ever
heard of such a thing? Not my introduction-to-astronomy book. Well – lots of astronomers, as it
turns out. Check out Irv's excellent web site
for an explanation. Even after insuring that the winter solstice occurs on or about 1 January each
year, the start dates of the other seasons could vary from +/- 1 day to as much as +/- 2.6 days over
the millennia, depending on the type of year the leap year rule is based on and how often it is
updated throughout time. The significance here is that we can't have fixed dates to celebrate their
occurrence, or can we? Right now we, the USA, have holidays whose celebration dates have
been moved to the nearest Monday in order to have 3 day weekends. That is exactly what I
propose we do with the solstices and equinoxes – celebrate them on the nominal dates shown on
the calendar at the beginning of this article. I really like the idea of celebrating the changes of the
seasons. It is the environmentally correct thing to do. It makes us all more aware of the natural
rhythms of the world and also the changing nature of the world. It gets us more down to earth,
more attuned to life's cycles, closer to mother nature. The world doesn't stay the same; its
changing all the time, short term and long term. We should remain aware of this by celebrating the
changing of the seasons. (See Evolution History - Foreword and - World for a further discussion of
the changes the world undergoes.)
I have been on the www again and found out that others have stolen most of my new ideas, years
ago. Someone already thought of declaring that the 1st of January would always be a certain day,
like Sunday or Monday. Another already thought of starting the week with Monday in order to have
the weekend days side by side at the end of the week. I haven’t read that someone else put both
"extra" days at the very end of the year but it wouldn't surprise me if someone already did. (There's
a lot I haven’t read.) That doesn't leave me very much that is original –
- a) The winter solstice will always occur on or about 1 January.
b) An improved leap year rule.
c) Business quarters?, school terms, and the psyches of the population in general will be
aligned to the earth's seasons by making the solstices and equinoxes holidays.
d) The Kluznickian calendar brings it all together, i.e.: a high degree of simplicity, order and
regularity, a geocentric civil calendar, no religious impositions, no accountant impositions, a
perpetual calendar, 13 months per year, 4 weeks per month, 7 days per week except the last
week of December, each week, month and year starts on a Monday, both weekend days are
at the end of the week, Leapday is at the very end of the year so that the preceding 365 days
are unaffected and invariant, each date on the calendar will occur on the same day of the
week every year, Nicksday and Leapday are a part of an extended weekend and not a part of
the work week, the winter solstice will always occur on or about 1 January, and the calendar
will remain aligned to the length of the mean solar year by the use of an improved leap year
rule that is to be updated as needed.
- {We could start the new year, i.e. 1 January, on the first day of spring, the vernal equinox - the
time for new life, the time for renewal, the time for a new beginning (if you live in the northern
hemisphere). Well hell, that would be a hard sell to the people of the southern hemisphere. I
guess we are better off leaving the New Year to start on the day of the winter solstice; the
southerners as well as the northerners will be more familiar with this. NK 2006-10-9}
year does not include its century number. For example, 2006 is said to be in the 21st century.
Dumb, dumb, dumb. It should be in the 20th century! The 20th century-year was 2000 AD,
therefore the year 2000 was the 1st year of 20th century (and 2006 is the 6th year after the 20th
century year). Dates falling within 0 to 99 AD should be referred to as being in century zero.
Dates between 100 and 199 are a part of the 1st century, etc., etc., etc. You need to have a
hundred years before you can have a century. (Some old timers were not familiar with the concept
of zero, as in century zero, being a real number. ("How can 'nothing' be something?")) Its just like
children. You don't say a kid is one year old until after one year of his life has passed. And then
he stays one year old until he reaches the end of the second year of his life.
ps #5, 2007-5-11
The last word:
- A 13 month calendar makes a lot more sense than a 12 month calendar.
- Some religious fundamentalists believe that God created the universe in 6 days and then
rested on the 7th and, therefore, the 7 day week is sacrosanct. They say that every week
must have exactly 7 days, no more and no less, and (for some unknown reason) there can not
be any extraneous days in between these weeks. They also say that each week must start
on a Sunday and end on the Sabbath, i.e. Saturday, the day of rest. "That is the way God
wants us to make our civil calendar." However, religious impositions are no longer tolerable.
The UN has declared that religious freedom is a fundamental human right. Everyone has the
right to chose any religion they want, or no religion, but no one has the right to impose their
religious beliefs, customs or habits on anyone else. Freedom of religion requires freedom
from religion. Freedom from religion requires separation of the church and the state. The civil
calendar is a matter of the state and, therefore, cannot be constrained by any religious
dictum. The civil calendar reform process must be completely devoid of any religious
considerations. (Religious freedom and separation of the church and the state are very VERY
important issues. In fact, world peace cannot be achieved without them. Please read
Religion.) - Accountant impositions are completely unnecessary. Each businesses can choose any
quarter start dates they want without imposing them on the rest of the world, no matter what
civil calendar is used. - Calendar reform is a matter of science and common sense, not religion, not business, and
especially not politics with their political blocs (like religious blocs), and lobbies (like business
lobbies). Politicians are driven by the desire to be reelected by their constituency, and that
includes religious fundamentalists and business men... They have a self serving hidden
agenda, a conflict of interest! As do the fundamentalists and the business men. - The names Aten and Nicksday are not carved in stone. What do you suggest?
- Contact me at Nick@Kluznick.com
- LINKS
http://personal.ecu.edu/mccartyr/calendar-reform.html Rick McCarty
http://www.sym454.org/ Irv Bromberg
www.hermetic.ch/cal_stud/palmen/index.html Karl Palmen
http://calendarpetin-meton.narod.ru/index.htm Mikhail Petin
http://theabysmal.wordpress.com/2006/07/12/comparison-of-13-month-calendars/
http://www.brijvij.com/bb-ESR_div6-Cal.Reform.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_reform
http://calendars.wikia.com/wiki/Calendar_reform
http://calendars.wikia.com/wiki/Alternative_and_Proposed_Calendars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles
or search 13 month calendar reform.
Dad - Fathers day
DST - Daylight
FE - Fall equinox
fm - Full moon, 2005
GHD - Groundhog
Inde - Independence
JC - Jesus Christ day
Labr - Labor day
Me - My birthday
Mem - Memorial day
MLK - M L King day
Mom - Mothers day
nm - New moon, 2005
Noel - New Xmas?
NYE - New year eve
Pat - St Pat's day
Pres - Presidents day
SE - Spring equinox
SS - Summer solstice
TGD - Thanks day
Val - Valentines day
Vets - Veterans day
WS - Winter solstice
1492 - Columbus day
DST - Daylight
- saving time
FE - Fall equinox
fm - Full moon, 2005
GHD - Groundhog
- day
Inde - Independence
JC - Jesus Christ day
Labr - Labor day
Me - My birthday
Mem - Memorial day
MLK - M L King day
Mom - Mothers day
nm - New moon, 2005
Noel - New Xmas?
NYE - New year eve
Pat - St Pat's day
Pres - Presidents day
SE - Spring equinox
SS - Summer solstice
TGD - Thanks day
Val - Valentines day
Vets - Veterans day
WS - Winter solstice
1492 - Columbus day
Originated 2005-6-1
Revised 2008-4-21
Last amended 2009-5-29
Revised 2008-4-21
Last amended 2009-5-29
Discussion