| The KLUZNICKIAN CALENDAR (13 Months) |
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Proposed holidays are typed in blue. The nm's are the new moons of 2005.
- Features:
- Simplicity, order, and regularity.
- A geocentric civil calendar, not a religious or business calendar.
- Contains no religious impositions. (No one has the right to impose their religious
beliefs on anyone else. See Religion.) - Contains no business impositions. (See p.s. #1)
- Contains no other special interest group impositions.
- It is a perpetual calendar, the same every year except leap years.
- 13 months per year; 4 weeks per month; 7 days per week except the last week of
December which normally has 8 days but will have 9 days on leap years. - Leapday is the last day of the year which leaves the preceding 365 days
unaffected and invariant from year to year. - Nicksday and Leapday are a part of an extended weekend and not a part of the
work week. - Monday is the first day of each year, quarter, month, and week.
- Since Monday is the 1st day of the week, both weekend days, Saturday and
Sunday, will be side by side at the end of the week, all on the same row, as
shown in the following monthly calendar. - The winter solstice shall always occur within +/- 1.3 days of 1 January. Leap
days shall be added or omitted accordingly. - The winter and summer solstice and the spring and fall equinox are proposed to
be national holidays along with Presidents, Memorial, and Independence days in
the USA. (See p.s. #3)
Discourse
| Monthly Calendar Month: Any Year: Any |
| Calendar Reform - The Kluznickian Calendar Yearly Calendar, Features, Monthly Calendar, Discourse, Links |
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2005 June 1
Revised 2008-4-21
I bought an introduction-to-astronomy book and in the chapter three homework assignment it
said to design your own calendar. So I did, as follows.
The mean solar year (or tropical year) consists of 365.24219 mean solar days and the lunar
phase-month is 29.5306 days. It would be nice to have the months equal one lunar phase
cycle, i.e. have the new moon occur on the first day of the month each month, but its
29.5306 day phase period is just not compatible with 365.24219 days in a solar year. If we
keep 12 months per year, the days per month vary from month to month as you know, and
yet the date of the new moon still wanders through our calendar and is different month to
month and year to year. So forget the moon; let it wander.
But we can achieve a degree of regularity if we have 13 months a year, then all months will
have 28 days except December, which will normally have 29 days but will also have a 30th
day on leap years. Notice that this is 4 seven-day weeks in each month except for the end
of December. Isn't that tidy! And we can keep 7 day weeks. What else can we tidy up?
Obviously the winter solstice (the longest night of the year) must be the start of the new
year. Nothing else makes sense. (Perihelion, currently on 2 January, doesn't do anything
for me since, unlike the solstice, its occurrence is neither obvious nor as significant. (Axis tilt
trumps orbital eccentricity.)) So lets move the winter solstice 11 days, from December 21 to
January 1. This causes the summer solstice (the longest daylight of the year) to fall in the
middle of the 7th month, which we could call Aten (i.e.: … June, Aten, July …), or the 15th of
Aten (Egyptian sun god). The spring (vernal) equinox (daylight hours = nighttime hours) will
fall on the 8th of April and the fall (autumnal) equinox will fall on or about the 22nd of
September. (See p.s. #3 for a further discussion.)
Let us also declare that the 1st of January shall always be a Monday. This means that the
first of every month will always be a Monday and the last of every month will be a Sunday
except in December, which normally has 29 days. This 29th day of December I not so
humbly call Nicksday (i.e. … Saturday, Sunday, Nicksday, Monday…). Note that Nicksday
and Leapday (explained later) are extended weekend days and not a part of the workweek.
Also note that Leapday is at the very end of the year which leaves the preceding 365 days
unaffected and invariant from year to year.
A corollary of these changes is to make calendars of any ilk start the week on Monday and
have both weekend days appear side by side at the end of the week. Otherwise we cannot
call them the weekend days. (Any calendar reform proposal that does not include this
feature is unacceptable.)
Tidy, tidy, tidy. An unprecedented degree of simplicity, order and regularity. I think it is time
for calendar reform. But can't you just hear the Troglodytes starting to wail? (Troglodytes
are primitive cavemen who are narrow minded, superstitious, and ultraconservative; akin to
Luddites, who are opposed to new technology.)
Now let us address the leap-year days. The question is: What do we have to do to keep the
winter solstice falling on or about 1 January? There are 365.24219 mean solar days per
mean solar year (MSY) (or mean tropical year if you prefer) so, since our calendar has only
365 days per year, in 4 years there will be an error of 4 X 0.24219 = 0.96876 days too few.
So every 4 years we add a leap day on December 30 and call it Leapday. (The following
day will be Monday, January 1st.) However, notice that one whole day is too much as we
only needed to add 0.96876 days, so there is an error of 1 – 0.96876 = 0.03124 days every
4 years or 0.00781 days per year. The reciprocal of this is 128.041 years per day. In other
words it will take 128.041 years for this error to be one day. So, every 128 years we will
have a "minus leap year" and need to omit the closest Leapday, to bring the calendar back
into alignment with the winter solstice. Now, 0.00781 error-days/year X 128 years =
0.99968 days of error to be corrected. If we subtract 1 day it will be too much by 1 –
0.99968 = 0.00032 days, so somewhere down the line we will have to add back a day to
compensate for that. 0.00032 error-days /128 years = 0.00000250 error-days/year and the
reciprocal of that is 400,000 years/day. In other words, every 400 thousand years we will
have to add a Leapday to December to regain alignment, and then it will be just about
perfect again, except that there will be a -42.6 minute change in the MSY during that
400,000 year period. So forget the 400,000 year leap day; the leap year rule will be
changed many times before then (leap year rules are only good for a few thousand years
and then they have to be revised).
Revised 2008-4-21
- The Kluznickian Calendar
(A 13 Month Calendar)
by Nick Kluznick
I bought an introduction-to-astronomy book and in the chapter three homework assignment it
said to design your own calendar. So I did, as follows.
The mean solar year (or tropical year) consists of 365.24219 mean solar days and the lunar
phase-month is 29.5306 days. It would be nice to have the months equal one lunar phase
cycle, i.e. have the new moon occur on the first day of the month each month, but its
29.5306 day phase period is just not compatible with 365.24219 days in a solar year. If we
keep 12 months per year, the days per month vary from month to month as you know, and
yet the date of the new moon still wanders through our calendar and is different month to
month and year to year. So forget the moon; let it wander.
But we can achieve a degree of regularity if we have 13 months a year, then all months will
have 28 days except December, which will normally have 29 days but will also have a 30th
day on leap years. Notice that this is 4 seven-day weeks in each month except for the end
of December. Isn't that tidy! And we can keep 7 day weeks. What else can we tidy up?
Obviously the winter solstice (the longest night of the year) must be the start of the new
year. Nothing else makes sense. (Perihelion, currently on 2 January, doesn't do anything
for me since, unlike the solstice, its occurrence is neither obvious nor as significant. (Axis tilt
trumps orbital eccentricity.)) So lets move the winter solstice 11 days, from December 21 to
January 1. This causes the summer solstice (the longest daylight of the year) to fall in the
middle of the 7th month, which we could call Aten (i.e.: … June, Aten, July …), or the 15th of
Aten (Egyptian sun god). The spring (vernal) equinox (daylight hours = nighttime hours) will
fall on the 8th of April and the fall (autumnal) equinox will fall on or about the 22nd of
September. (See p.s. #3 for a further discussion.)
Let us also declare that the 1st of January shall always be a Monday. This means that the
first of every month will always be a Monday and the last of every month will be a Sunday
except in December, which normally has 29 days. This 29th day of December I not so
humbly call Nicksday (i.e. … Saturday, Sunday, Nicksday, Monday…). Note that Nicksday
and Leapday (explained later) are extended weekend days and not a part of the workweek.
Also note that Leapday is at the very end of the year which leaves the preceding 365 days
unaffected and invariant from year to year.
A corollary of these changes is to make calendars of any ilk start the week on Monday and
have both weekend days appear side by side at the end of the week. Otherwise we cannot
call them the weekend days. (Any calendar reform proposal that does not include this
feature is unacceptable.)
Tidy, tidy, tidy. An unprecedented degree of simplicity, order and regularity. I think it is time
for calendar reform. But can't you just hear the Troglodytes starting to wail? (Troglodytes
are primitive cavemen who are narrow minded, superstitious, and ultraconservative; akin to
Luddites, who are opposed to new technology.)
Now let us address the leap-year days. The question is: What do we have to do to keep the
winter solstice falling on or about 1 January? There are 365.24219 mean solar days per
mean solar year (MSY) (or mean tropical year if you prefer) so, since our calendar has only
365 days per year, in 4 years there will be an error of 4 X 0.24219 = 0.96876 days too few.
So every 4 years we add a leap day on December 30 and call it Leapday. (The following
day will be Monday, January 1st.) However, notice that one whole day is too much as we
only needed to add 0.96876 days, so there is an error of 1 – 0.96876 = 0.03124 days every
4 years or 0.00781 days per year. The reciprocal of this is 128.041 years per day. In other
words it will take 128.041 years for this error to be one day. So, every 128 years we will
have a "minus leap year" and need to omit the closest Leapday, to bring the calendar back
into alignment with the winter solstice. Now, 0.00781 error-days/year X 128 years =
0.99968 days of error to be corrected. If we subtract 1 day it will be too much by 1 –
0.99968 = 0.00032 days, so somewhere down the line we will have to add back a day to
compensate for that. 0.00032 error-days /128 years = 0.00000250 error-days/year and the
reciprocal of that is 400,000 years/day. In other words, every 400 thousand years we will
have to add a Leapday to December to regain alignment, and then it will be just about
perfect again, except that there will be a -42.6 minute change in the MSY during that
400,000 year period. So forget the 400,000 year leap day; the leap year rule will be
changed many times before then (leap year rules are only good for a few thousand years
and then they have to be revised).
- {The Gregorian leap year rule is: "All years that are multiples of 4 will be leap years
except century years (like the year 2000). Century years will be non leap years except
those that are multiples of 400." The comparable Kluznickian leap year rule is: "All
years that are multiples of 4 will be leap years except those that are also multiples of
128." Note that this rule is simple, its derivation is easy to understand, and it is easy to
update as shown below. T