Evolution History        
The Evolution of Man
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5  BYFN
6  BYFN
...
Event
Our universe forms.  
Our galaxy forms.
Our Star system forms.  Every atom in our bodies already existed  when  the
    solar system formed.  We are made of stardust!  Old stardust.
First rain.
First life elements form in the sea.
Bacteria  (Maybe 3.5 BYA)  We are related to every animal and every  plant
    that is alive today and that ever lived, through a common ancestor –
    bacteria.
First bacteria divide; clone selves in 20 minutes.
Photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria, the blue-green photosynthesizing stomatolite microbes,
    oxygenate the atmosphere.
Prokaryotes (simple single cell organism lacking a nucleus) arose. Natural  
    selection begins.  
Eukaryotes – Single celled organisms with a nucleus & organelles.
    Eukaryotic cells are colonies of various prokaryotes.
Microbial aerobic respiration commences.
Protoctsts form = First established beings, organisms.
Bacteria go on land.  
Metazoa - Multicelled organisms.  In our lineage.
Cambrian "explosion" (Life forms proliferate.)  Note that almost all of the
    lifeforms bigger than a microbe that ever lived on earth, came in the last
    4% of the age of the planet!
Fish, vertebrates with bilateral symmetry, and later with heads and jaws.
Algae go ashore and start the plant world.
Tetrapods move on shore.  They begot amphibians, reptiles (including
    dinosaurs and birds), and mammals.   
Amphibians (eggs)
Reptiles (eggs)
Mammals. (Placental)
Dinosaurs (eggs)
Birds (eggs)
End of dinosaurs; mammals start their rise.
Primates (Monkeys).  Maybe 70 MYA.  Dryopiths = arboreal.
Hominoids - Apes came out of the trees and split from the Old World
    monkeys.  Apes (are tailless and have opposable thumbs) = gibbons,
    orangutans (90%), gorillas (90%), and chimpanzees (98.4%).  (Genes
    like ours).  390 to 550 cc brains.
Procounsel africanus – The early apes with some hominid features, taken as
    a group.
Ramapithicus.  Man or ape? - Ape. Pre Orangutan.  About same range as H.
    erectus.  1st ape wave out of Africa?
Orangutans split from great apes.  (Maybe 18 MYA.)
Gorillas split off from great apes.
Shelanthropus tchadensia.  Chad.  A missing link?  Yes, branched off to
    Chimps and to hominids.  320 - 380 cc  More hominid than chimp
Orrorin tungenensis. Bipedal. In our line?  Tungen, Kenya.  Chimp size.  
Chimps remained non bipedal apes.
Hominid family (Maybe 4 MYA) – Bipedal Apes (our line) diverged from apes
    (chimps)  via missing links.  One such may have been Ardipithecus
    kadabba found in Ethiopia.  
Ardipithecus ramidus (bipedal walker) – to 3 MYA.  1/3 brain size.  Hadar  
    Ethiopia.  Likely to have evolved into Australoithecus.
Australopithecus anamensis (Southern ape-man).  
A. afarensis (Lucy) (for the Afar people of Hadar, Ethiopia) – to 2.8 MYA.
    Bipedal.  1.2m; 380 – 450cc.  Could be up to 5 MYA.
A. africanus (gracile) – to 2 MYA (May be in our line.)  Sterkfrontein, South
    Africa.  1.4m; 400 - 600cc
Kenyanthropus platyops (Flat faced man of Kenya)  Lomekwi, Kenya.  May
    be an arfaensis.
A. garhi (surprise)  Bouri Formation, Ethiopia.
Paranthropus aetheopicus.  W. Turkana, Kenya.
Homo habalis (handy man) – to 1.44 MYA.  ½ brain size: 700 - 800cc.
    Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.  Stayed in Africa?  No, 1st out of Africa, prior
    to 1.7 MYA.  First stone tools = start of the Stone Age.
H. rudolfensis.  Koobi Fora, Kenya.  Maybe Australopithecus.  Maybe H.
    habilis.  Same span as habilis.  700cc.
Earliest stone tools found in Ethiopia. Start of Stone Age.
H. dmanisi – in Georgia and Java.  Links Habalis to Erectus.  600-700 cc.
Paranthropus robustus To 1.6 MYA.  530cc.  S. Africa.
P. boisei.  – to 1 MYA. Extremely robust.  410 – 510cc.  Olduval Gorge,
    Tanzania.
H. ergaster (Working man) (In our line)  Koobi Fora, Kenya.  1000cc.  Some
    H. ergasters stayed in Africa.  Some left and begat H. erectus abroad.
Homo  erectus – to 200 KYA.  Ranged from Spain to England to South China
    (Korea) to Philippians.  800 – 1000cc.
Evidence of fire being used by man.  (760 kYA in N Dead Sea)
First hand axes.
Out of Africa "#1" starts – H. erectus.  (Really #2, and ~1.5 MYA)
H. erectus in Near East.  
H. erectus in Java – Java Man.  (Maybe 1.5 MYA?)
H. erectus in China – Peking Man
H. erectus in England – Boxgrove Man.
(Archaic) Homo sapiens (thinking man) – to 100 KYA.  Some now call him H.
    heidelbergensis,  In Europe.  3rd wave?  Maybe 600 kya.
Gawis (Hadar region) cranium 500 to 200 k years old.  Homo _______
    (gawisian?).  
First hut.  Found in France.
H. sapiens sapiens  - us!  At Omo River Ethiopia.  Full brain size –1200-
    1600cc.  As smart as us!  They had no books so they had to memorize  
    everything.  Probably used more of their brain than we do.  Caused the  
    extinction of many animals.
First wood spear, in England.
H. sapiens neanderthalenus – to 25 KYA.  Advanced stone tools.  Withstood
    Europe’s Ice Ages best of hominids.  Painted caves. Buried dead with  
    possessions.  (Not our line)  Some say that Neanderthal traits first
    appeared 350 KYA but the first full blown neande came 50 KYA.
Man lost body hair (@ lice DNA)  Wore clothes instead
First H.ss out of Africa to the Near East. (2nd, 3rd, or 4th… wave out of  
    Africa.)  (Maybe 130 kYA)
Toba volcano in Sumatra erupted.  Biggest bang on earth, ever.  Enormous
    amount of ash in the air.  Prolonged winter after.  Mass extinctions.
    Only 3 to 10 K humans left on earth (@ DNA study).
First H.ss in East Asia.
First H.ss in Australia.
First flute, in N Africa
First H.ss in Europe!  And Siberia.
Homo floresienia (Hobbit), Flores, Indonesia.  Expected span = 95 to 13
First cave art. – to 14 KYA
First voyage to Pacific Islands.
First H.ss in Japan.
Cro Magnon = H.ss  Maybe 50 KYA.  Les Eyzies, France.  (Been there.)
First figurines
Aborigines in Australia?
Coldest period of the last glaciation.
First Americans. (Amerindians.)  Maybe as early as 30 – 40 KYA.  About 70
    people (@DNA) crossed Bering land bridge to populate America.
End of last Ice Age (Start of global warming, again.)
First farming, in the Near East.
First pottery, in Japan.
First Clovis Point
H.ss at southern tip of South America.
First copper working, in Near East.
First village.  Near East.
Potatoes in Peru
Farming in E Sahara, Balkans; rice in China.
Briton cut off from Europe by the rising sea!!!
Sahara turns arid – to 5 KYA
Farming in the Nile.
Horses domesticated on the steppes.
Maize in Mesoamerica.
Mammoth extinct in Siberia.
The ASPM gene, the big brain gene, first appears in man.  Now 10% or the
    population have 2 of this new gene, 40% have 1 new and 1 old, and
    50% still have 2 of the old.
Summerian civilization – to 4.1 KYA.  In Babylon.
Cotton in South America.
Farming in Briton and Scandinavia.
Cities in the Near East.
Writing, Summerians. In Ascaria, near Babylon, Mesopotamia.
Egyptian civilization to 2.2 KYA
Bronze, in Near East
Stonehenge begins
Great pyramids of Giza.
Babylonian civilization to 2.5 KYA
Minoan civilization to ?
Mycenaean civilization to 3.0 KYA
Greek civilization to 2.2 KYA.  First alphabet.  (Maybe Egyptians).
Bronze in Europe.
Iron, in Asia Minor.
Chinese civilization begins
Olmec civilization begins.
Iron in Europe.
Roman Empire to 1.6 KYA
Persian civilization, to 1.4 KYA
Cast iron in China.
Nazca civilization to 1.5 KYA
Farming in north America.
Mayan civilization to 1.4 KYA
Christ
Teahuanaco civilization to 1.2 KYA
Middle Ages to 500 YA
Aztec civilization to 600 YA
Islamic civilization –
Block printing in Korea – 750 AD
Inca civilization to 600 YA
Movable type in China – 1041 AD
Magna Carta – 1215 AD
Printing Press.  Gutenberg – 1453 AD
Columbus - 1492
US - 1776
Industrial revolution. 1803 – 1820
PC's.
Another glaciation is due.


Dieing sun expands to envelope the earth.  We are toast.
Our galaxy collides with the Andromeda galaxy.  Even our ghosts are toast.



Ages of man – Stone: 2500 to 10 KYA; Copper: 10 to 4.9 KYA; Bronze: 4.9
to 3.7 KYA; and Iron: 3.7 to 0 KYA.   Prehistoric: 200k to 7k BC; Ancient:
7000 BC to 476 AD; Dark: 476 to 1000 AD; Middle: 476 to 1453 AD;
Renaissance: 1300 to 1650 AD; Reformation: 1500's AD; Modern:1650 AD
to present.  (476 = fall of Rome.)

Stone Age = Paleolithic, 2500 – 150 KYA; Mesolithic, 150 – 40 KYA; and
Neolithic, 40 – 10 KYA.

Taxonomy:  Name = John Doe, Species = Sapiens, Genus = Homo, Family
=  Hominidae, Order = Primate, Class = Mammalia, Phylum = Chordata,
Kingdom = Animilia, Domain = Eukaryote,  Organism (Has organs organized
to work together to maintain and propagate the life of the organism.) =
Bacteria?

...root is the Organism (as this applies to all living things, it is implied rather
than stated explicitly). Below this are the Domain, Kingdom, Phylum (plural,
phyla), Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species, with various other ranks
sometimes inserted.

Last changed: 8/13/07